Kev rub tawm dawb - cov av nkos yog muab tso rau ntawm lub pob (uas yog, ntawm lub log), thiab lub zog ntawm lub reel tig yog siv los rub cov av nkos rau hauv cov duab uas xav tau nrog ob txhais tes, uas yog cov txheej txheem ntawm cov khoom siv ceramics hauv Suav teb, thiab cov txheej txheem no hu ua billet. Discs, tais thiab lwm yam khoom siv puag ncig yog tsim los ntawm txoj kev kos duab dawb.
Hand-drawn lauj kaub tais diav
Billet - thaum lub qhov khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob.
Kev khawb ko taw - thaum lub cuab yeej puag ncig rub tawm, 3-nti ntev av nkos lub hom phiaj (kuav) tau tso rau hauv qab, thiab tom qab ntawd cov ko taw hauv qab ntawm lub nkoj khawb yog khawb rau hauv qab ko taw, txheej txheem no hu ua khawb ko taw.
Clay strip tsev â ¢ ib txoj hauv kev ua ntej ntawm cov tais diav. Thaum ua, cov av nkos yog thawj zaug dov mus rau hauv ib lub strips ntev, thiab tom qab ntawd tsim los ntawm hauv qab mus rau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm cov duab, thiab tom qab ntawd sab hauv thiab sab nraud yog smoothed los ntawm tes los yog cov cuab yeej yooj yim los ua rau hauv lub nkoj. Lub lauj kaub tais diav ua hauv txoj kev no feem ntau tso cov av nkos ntawm cov phab ntsa sab hauv.
Log system - tus txheej txheem ntawm kev ua ceramics nrog lub log log, lub ntsiab tivthaiv yog ib tug ntoo puag ncig lub log, muaj ib tug ntsug ncej nyob rau hauv lub log, lub qis kawg ntawm lub ntsug ncej yog faus rau hauv av, thiab muaj ib tug hub los pab txhawb kev sib hloov ntawm lub log. Siv lub zog tig ntawm lub log, siv ob txhais tes los rub cov av nkos rau hauv cov duab uas xav tau. Txoj kev sib hloov tau pib nyob rau hauv lub lig Neolithic Dawenkou kab lis kev cai, thiab cov artifacts uas ua tau ib txwm nyob rau hauv cov duab thiab niaj hnub thickness.
Backfiring â ¢ ib txoj hauv kev tua cov plooj (porcelain). Cushion ncuav mog qab zib los yog kub-resistant nplua xuab zeb yog muab tso rau hauv lub thawv, thiab cov tais diav yog roasted nyob rau hauv raws li txoj cai, uas yog hu ua backburning.
Yuav ua li cas stack triangular gaskets nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem backfiring
Stacking ib txoj kev tua plooj (porcelain). Ntawd yog, ntau daim ntawm cov khoom ntim tau muab tso ua ke thiab hlawv, thiab cov tais diav tau sib nrug los ntawm cov khoom uas tau hlawv. Nws tuaj yeem muab faib ua:
(1) stacking ntawm tes, txoj kev no tau siv nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm;
(2) stacked firing ntawm ceg voj voog, xws li taag kilns;
(3) Overlapping los yog scraping glaze stacking, uas yog, scraping tawm ib lub voj voog ntawm glaze nyob rau hauv lub plawv ntawm lub tais diav (feem ntau daim hlau thiab tais), thiab ces scraping tawm ib lub voj voog ntawm glaze los ntawm stacked burning tais diav, thiab ces muab tso rau hauv qab ko taw (unglazed) ntawm cov stacked ware rau nws, feem ntau yog hais txog 10 txheej txheej ntawm cov khoom, thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm cov khoom siv no.
Overfiring â ¢ ib txoj hauv kev tua cov plooj (porcelain). Ntawd yog, cov plooj (porcelain) tau npog thiab ci rau hauv ib lub thawv nrog lub nplhaib txhawb nqa lossis lub thoob trapezoidal brace, uas tau pib hauv Northern Song Dynasty thiab kuj tau siv nyob rau hauv Qingbai porcelain kiln system hauv Jingdezhen thiab thaj tsam sab qab teb sab hnub tuaj. Qhov zoo yog cov txiaj ntsig siab thiab me me deformation; Qhov tsis zoo yog tias lub qhov ncauj ntawm cov tais diav yog unglazed, uas tsis yooj yim rau siv.
Kev tua neeg tsis noj nqaij - yog hais txog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob uas yuav tsum tau tua ob zaug, uas yog, thawj zaug nkag mus rau hauv lub qhov cub kom tua hluav taws ntawm qhov kub qis (txog 750 ~ 950 ° C), hu ua neeg tsis noj nqaij tua hluav taws, thiab tom qab ntawd, ci dua rau hauv qhov cub kom tua hluav taws. Nws tuaj yeem ua kom lub zog ntawm lub cev ntsuab thiab txhim kho qhov tseeb tus nqi.
Astringent vajvoog - ua ntej lub plooj (porcelain) dawb paug yog stacked, sab hauv ntawm lub tais diav yog scraped tawm ib lub voj voog ntawm glaze, thiab qhov chaw unglazed hu ua "astringent voj voog", uas yog nrov nyob rau hauv lub Jin thiab Yuan dynasties.
Dip glaze - Dipped glaze yog ib qho ntawm cov txheej txheem ceramic glazing, tseem hu ua "dipping glaze". Lub cev ntsuab yog immersed nyob rau hauv glaze rau ib pliag thiab muab tshem tawm, thiab cov dej nqus ntawm cov ntsuab yog siv los ua cov glaze paste adhere rau qhov dawb paug. Lub thickness ntawm glaze txheej yog tswj los ntawm cov dej nqus ntawm qhov khoob, qhov concentration ntawm glaze slurry, thiab lub sijhawm maceration. Nws yog tsim rau glazing tuab log tsheb lub cev thiab khob thiab lub tais khoom.
Glaze tshuab - yog ib qho ntawm cov txheej txheem glazing hauv Suav teb. Npog nrog lub raj xyoob nrog cov xov paj zoo, poob rau hauv glaze thiab tshuab nrog koj lub qhov ncauj, tus naj npawb ntawm glaze tshuab yog nyob ntawm qhov loj ntawm cov tais diav, txog li 17 ~ 18 zaug, tsawg li 3 ~ 4 zaug. Nws qhov zoo ua rau cov glaze hauv cov tais diav sib xws thiab zoo ib yam, thiab cov qauv no feem ntau yog siv rau cov tais diav loj, cov log tsheb nyias thiab cov khoom siv glazed. Nws tau pioneered hauv Jingdezhen hauv Ming Dynasty.
Glazing - txheej txheem glazing rau cov khoom loj, yog ib qho ntawm cov txheej txheem glazing hauv Suav teb. Tuav ib lub tais los yog diav ntawm txhua txhais tes, rub lub glaze muab tshuaj txhuam, thiab ncuav nws hla lub cev ntsuab.
Glaze - ib qho ntawm cov txheej txheem glazing hauv Suav teb. Thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm, cov nplaum nplaum nplaum yog nchuav rau hauv qhov khoob, thiab tom qab ntawd shaken, kom lub sab sauv thiab sab laug thiab sab xis yog tusyees glazed, thiab ntau glaze paste yog nchuav tawm, txoj kev no yog tsim rau lub raj mis, pots thiab lwm yam cuab yeej.
Printing â ¢ ib cov txheej txheem zoo nkauj rau ceramics. Ib qho kev xav engraved nrog cov qauv zoo nkauj yog luam tawm ntawm lub cev ntsuab thaum nws tseem tsis tau qhuav, yog li lub npe. Thaum lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav thiab lub caij nplooj zeeg thiab Warring States, luam ntawv cov tais diav ntim tau siv dav, thiab txij li ntawd los, nws tau dhau los ua ib qho ntawm cov txheej txheem zoo nkauj ntawm ceramics hauv Suav teb. Ding kiln printing porcelain ntawm Song Dynasty yog tus sawv cev tshaj plaws.
Kos - ib txoj kev zoo nkauj ntawm cov plooj (porcelain). Siv cov cuab yeej taw tes los kos cov kab ntawm cov plooj (porcelain dawb paug) los kho cov qauv, yog li lub npe. Nws tau vam meej hauv Song Dynasty, nrog paj, noog, cov duab, zaj thiab phoenixes.
Carving - cov txheej txheem zoo nkauj ntawm cov plooj (porcelain). Siv rab riam los kos cov qauv zoo nkauj ntawm lub plooj (porcelain) dawb paug, yog li lub npe. Nws yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev quab yuam ntau dua, thiab cov kab sib sib zog nqus thiab dav dua cov hlab ntsha. Nws tau vam meej nyob rau hauv Song Dynasty thiab yog nto moo tshaj plaws rau cov paj ntoo carved artifacts ntawm Yaozhou kiln nyob rau sab qaum teb.
Paj xaiv - cov txheej txheem zoo nkauj ntawm cov plooj (porcelain). Ntawm lub plooj (porcelain blank) qhov twg tus qauv yog kos, ib feem uas tsis yog tus qauv raug tshem tawm los ua tus qauv convex, yog li lub npe. Nws pib nyob rau sab qaum teb Cizhou kiln system nyob rau hauv Song Dynasty, nrog cov paj dawb xim av yog qhov txawv tshaj plaws. Thaum lub sijhawm Jin Yuan, porcelain kilns hauv Shanxi kuj nrov heev, thiab cov paj dub glaze yog qhov tshwj xeeb.
Pearl Ground Scratching â ¢ ib txoj kev kho kom zoo nkauj rau cov plooj (porcelain). Ntawm qhov khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob
Appliqué - cov txheej txheem zoo nkauj rau ceramics. Siv molding los yog kneading thiab lwm txoj kev, ntau yam qauv yog tsim los ntawm cov log tsheb av nkos, thiab ces muab tso rau ntawm lub cev ntsuab, li no lub npe. Cov xim ntsuab-glazed xim av appliqués ntawm Tang dynasty thiab xuab zeb kilns, nrog rau kev kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm Tang Sancai appliqués los ntawm lub kiln ntawm Gongxian County, Henan, tag nrho cov nto moo.
Daim ntawv txiav appliqué - cov txheej txheem zoo nkauj rau cov plooj (porcelain). Daim ntawv txiav yog ib txwm pej xeem kos duab nyob rau hauv Suav teb, uas hloov cov ntawv txiav cov qauv rau cov porcelain kho kom zoo nkauj, yog li lub npe. Thawj Jizhou kiln nyob rau hauv Jiangxi xeev nyob rau hauv lub Song Dynasty, nyob rau hauv lub dub-glazed teapot, dai kom zoo nkauj nrog plum blossoms, ntoo nplooj, phoenixes, npauj npaim thiab lwm yam qauv, daim ntawv-txiav nyhuv yog zoo kawg li, nrog muaj zog cov yam ntxwv hauv zos.
Makeup av nplaum â ¢ ib txoj hauv kev kom zoo nkauj xim ntawm lub log tsheb. Txhawm rau kom them nyiaj rau kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov xim ntawm cov plooj (porcelain log tsheb), ib txheej ntawm cov av nplaum dawb yog siv rau lub log tsheb dawb kom ua kom cov tread du thiab dawb, thiaj li txhim kho cov xim ntawm glaze, thiab cov porcelain av nplaum siv nyob rau hauv txoj kev no hu ua cosmetic av nplaum. Cosmetic av nplaum pib nyob rau hauv Western Jin Dynasty nyob rau hauv Wuzhou kiln celadon nyob rau hauv Zhejiang, sab qaum teb dawb plooj (porcelain) tau dav siv nyob rau hauv lub Sui thiab Tang dynasties, thiab siv Cizhou kiln porcelain nyob rau hauv lub Song Dynasty kuj muaj ntau, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov culling ntau yam tau siv ntau.
Kub tracing - cov txheej txheem zoo nkauj ntawm ceramics. Nws yog pleev xim rau ntawm ceramics hauv kub thiab tom qab ntawd raug rho tawm haujlwm, yog li lub npe. Lub Song Dynasty Ding Kiln muaj cov dawb glaze kub tracing thiab dub glaze kub tracing ware, thiab raws li cov ntaub ntawv, lub Song Dynasty Ding Kiln " pleev xim rau qej kua txiv nrog kub". Txij thaum ntawd los, cov duab kub ntawm Liao, Jin, Yuan, Ming thiab Qing porcelain tau pom.
Ntshav hlau ko taw - ib tug zoo nkauj feature ntawm porcelain. Qee yam ntawm Southern Song Dynasty official kiln, heirloom kiln thiab Song Dynasty Longquan kiln, vim tias cov pob txha fetal muaj cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov hlau, thaum hlawv hauv qhov chaw txo qis, glaze ntawm lub qhov ncauj ntawm lub nkoj ntws hauv qab dej, thiab lub fetal xim yog ntshav thaum lub glaze txheej nyias; Qhov nthuav tawm ntawm ko taw yog hlau-dub, uas yog lub npe hu ua "liab hlau ko taw".
Kub hlau hlau - ib tug zoo nkauj feature ntawm porcelain. Heirloom kiln porcelain, vim qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov log tsheb glaze thaum tua, cov ntaub ntawv glazed qhib daim, cov nplej loj loj tshwm xim dub, cov nplej me me tshwm golden daj, ib tug dub thiab ib tug daj, uas yog, lub thiaj li hu ua "kub hlau hlau hlau".
Qhib - vim qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov log tsheb glaze thaum tua, tus kheej ntau yam ntawm Song Dynasty official kilns, heirloom kilns thiab Longquan kilns muaj cov yam ntxwv qhib. Tom qab Song Dynasty, Jingdezhen kilns kuj muaj imitation hlawv.
Ribs - ib tug zoo nkauj feature ntawm porcelain. Yav qab teb Song Dynasty Longquan kiln celadon, qee qhov ntawm cov khoom ntawm cov strips protruding, thaum glazing lub glaze yog nyias nyias, xim yog lub teeb, sib piv, uas yog, lub thiaj li hu ua tav.
Earthworm taug kev av nkos qauv - glazed feature ntawm porcelain. Thaum cov porcelain dawb paug yog glazed thiab qhuav, txheej glaze tsim cov kab nrib pleb, thiab glaze ntws thaum lub sij hawm firing txheej txheem los txuas cov kab nrib pleb, uas ua rau cov kab laug sab laug tom qab cov av nkos creeps deb ntawm av nkos, yog li lub npe. Nws yog ib qho tshwj xeeb ntawm Jun kiln plooj (porcelain) hauv Yu County, Henan Xeev hauv Song Dynasty.
Crab claw pattern â ¢ ib lub ntsej muag glazed ntawm porcelain. Vim lub glazing ntawm cov tais diav, cov tuab glaze droops los tsim ib tug kab laug sab tom qab kua muag, li no lub npe, uas yog ib tug ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm dawb porcelain glaze nyob rau hauv lub Ding kiln ntawm lub Song Dynasty.
Jomon - ib qho ntawm cov qauv zoo nkauj ntawm Neolithic pottery. Nws yog lub npe vim hais tias tus qauv yog zoo li ib tug knotted hlua qauv. Cov lauj kaub tais diav qhwv ib ncig ntawm txoj hlua los yog kos nrog cov qauv hlua yog siv rau ntawm lub lauj kaub tais diav uas tseem tsis tau qhuav, thiab tom qab tua hluav taws, tus qauv Jomon tau tso rau ntawm lub tais diav.
Geometric qauv - ib qho ntawm cov qauv zoo nkauj ntawm ceramics. Cov ntsiab lus, kab, thiab qhov chaw tsim ntau yam ntawm cov duab geometric li niaj zaus, yog li lub npe. Xws li daim duab peb sab qauv, kab sib chaws qauv, checkered qauv, zigzag qauv, lub voj voog qauv, pob zeb diamond qauv, zigzag qauv, huab thunder qauv, rov qab qauv, thiab lwm yam.
