Muaj ntau ntau yam ntawm cov tshuaj yej plooj (porcelain tea sets), cov khoom tseem ceeb yog: celadon tshuaj yej teeb, dawb porcelain tshuaj yej teeb, dub porcelain tshuaj yej teeb thiab xim plooj (porcelain). Cov khoom siv tshuaj yej no tau muaj nplooj ntawv zoo kawg nkaus hauv keeb kwm ntawm kev txhim kho ntawm Suav tshuaj yej kab lis kev cai.
Celadon tshuaj yej teeb
Celadon tshuaj yej teeb nrog zoo xxx ua nyob rau hauv Zhejiang. Thaum ntxov li Eastern Han Dynasty, zus tau tej cov celadon nrog ntshiab xim thiab pob tshab luminescence pib. Lub Yue kiln, Wu kiln thiab Ou kiln hauv Zhejiang hauv Jin Dynasty tau mus txog qhov loj me. Nyob rau hauv lub Song Dynasty, raws li ib tug ntawm tsib lub nto moo kiln nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawd, celadon tshuaj yej teeb uas tsim los ntawm Zhejiang Longquan Ge Kiln tau mus txog nws lub ncov thiab raug xa mus rau thoob plaws lub ntiaj teb no. Nyob rau hauv Ming Dynasty, celadon tshuaj yej teeb tau nto moo tshaj plaws rau lawv cov kev ntxhib los mos, zoo nkauj zoo nkauj, ntsuab glaze, thiab cov qauv zoo nkauj. Thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 16th, Longquan celadon raug xa tawm mus rau Fabkis, ua rau muaj kev xav thoob plaws hauv Fabkis, thiab tib neeg tau muab nws piv nrog lub tsho ntsuab zoo nkauj ntawm tus poj niam Xue Latong hauv cov yeeb yam nto moo "Sepherdess" uas tau nrov nyob hauv Europe thaum lub sijhawm ntawd, thiab hu ua Longquan celadon "Xue Laton" raws li cov khoom muaj nqis tsawg. Tam sim no, Zhejiang Longquan celadon tshuaj yej teeb muaj kev txhim kho tshiab, thiab cov khoom tshiab txuas ntxiv tuaj. Ntxiv nrog rau ntau qhov zoo ntawm porcelain tshuaj yej teeb, cov tshuaj yej teeb no yog siv los brew ntsuab tshuaj yej vim nws cov xim ntsuab, uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev zoo nkauj ntawm cov kua zaub. Txawm li cas los xij, siv nws los ua tshuaj yej dub, tshuaj yej dawb, tshuaj yej daj, thiab tshuaj yej dub yog ib qho yooj yim ua rau cov tshuaj yej kua zaub poob nws qhov qub tsos, uas zoo li tsis txaus.
Dawb porcelain tshuaj yej teeb
Dawb porcelain tshuaj yej muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm tuab thiab pob tshab billet, siab glazed thiab pottery hluav taws, tsis muaj dej nqus, ntshiab suab thiab ntev rhyme. Vim nws cov xim dawb, nws tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov xim ntawm cov tshuaj yej kua zaub, hloov cov cua kub nruab nrab thiab kev txuag hluav taws xob, ntxiv rau cov yeeb yuj thiab cov duab sib txawv, uas tuaj yeem hu ua cov khoom muaj nqis hauv cov dej tshuaj yej. Thaum ntxov li Tang Dynasty, cov tais diav dawb uas tsim los ntawm Xingyao hauv Hebei Xeev tau "koom siv los ntawm cov nom tswv thiab cov nom tswv hauv ntiaj teb." Bai Juyi ntawm Tang Dynasty kuj tau sau paj huam qhuas cov porcelain tshuaj yej tais uas tsim nyob rau hauv Dayi, Sichuan. Nyob rau hauv Yuan Dynasty, dawb porcelain tshuaj yej teeb nyob rau hauv Jingdezhen, Jiangxi xeev tau raug xa tawm mus rau txawv teb chaws. Niaj hnub no, dawb porcelain tshuaj yej teeb tau ua dua tshiab dua. Qhov no dawb-glazed tshuaj yej teeb yog tsim rau brewing txhua yam tshuaj yej. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov tshuaj yej porcelain dawb yog zoo heev nyob rau hauv cov duab thiab elegantly dai kom zoo nkauj, thiab nws sab nrauv phab ntsa feem ntau yog pleev xim rau cov roob thiab dej, raws caij nyoog paj thiab nroj tsuag, noog thiab tsiaj txhu, ua cim dab neeg, los yog dai kom zoo nkauj nrog celebrity calligraphy, thiab muaj heev artistic appreciation nqi, yog li nws yog feem ntau siv.
Dub porcelain tshuaj yej teeb
Cov tshuaj yej porcelain dub, pib thaum lig Tang Dynasty, vam meej hauv Nkauj, txuas ntxiv hauv Yuan, thiab tsis kam nyob hauv Ming thiab Qing dynasties, qhov no yog vim txij thaum pib ntawm Nkauj xxx, txoj kev haus tshuaj yej.
Nws tau maj mam hloov los ntawm Sencha txoj kev hauv Tang Dynasty mus rau txoj kev xaj tshuaj yej, thiab cov tshuaj yej sib ntaus sib tua nrov hauv Song Dynasty tau tsim cov xwm txheej rau qhov nce ntawm cov tshuaj yej porcelain dub.
Cov neeg Song tau ntsuas cov nyhuv ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua tshuaj yej, saib cov xim thiab qhov sib xws ntawm cov tshuaj yej noodles, thiab muab "ci dawb" ua ntej; Qhov thib ob, saib qhov muaj lossis tsis muaj cov cim dej ntawm qhov sib txuas ntawm cov paj kua zaub thiab cov tshuaj yej teeb thiab sai li sai tau tshwm sim, nrog "tsis muaj dej cim ntawm lub teeb" raws li sab saum toj. Cai Xiang, uas yog tus tshaj tawm thib peb thaum lub sijhawm, tau hais meej meej hauv nws "Tea Record":
"Nws yog qhov zoo heev uas pom tias nws lub ntsej muag ci dawb thiab tsis muaj dej cim; Hauv kev tsim kho ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua, thawj tus uas muaj cov cim dej yog tus swb, thiab qhov ruaj khov yeej. Thiab cov tshuaj yej dub porcelain,
Raws li Song Dynasty Zhu Mu tau hais hauv "Fang Yu Shengyan", "xim av yog xim dawb, rau hauv lub teeb dub, nws cov cim tau yooj yim los xyuas". Yog li ntawd, cov porcelain dub tshuaj yej teeb ntawm Song Dynasty tau dhau los ua ntau hom tshuaj yej porcelain. Fujian Jianyao, Jiangxi Jizhou Kiln, Shanxi Yuci Kiln, thiab lwm yam., tag nrho cov tsim dub porcelain tshuaj yej teev nyob rau hauv ntau qhov ntau, dhau los ua qhov chaw tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuaj yej dub porcelain. Ntawm cov kilns ntawm dub porcelain tshuaj yej teeb, "Jianzhen" tsim los ntawm Jianyao yog qhov qhuas tshaj plaws. Cai Xiang's "Tea Record" hais li no:
"Tus tsim ntawm Jian'an ... Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws. Cov neeg tuaj ntawm lwm qhov, nyias lossis ntshav, tsis zoo ib yam li." Cov mis tshwj xeeb ua rau lub ntsej muag zoo li luav kab txaij, qhov chaw ntawm lub hnub, thiab lub hnub me ntsis thaum lub sij hawm tua hluav taws, ib zaug cov tshuaj yej kua zaub nyob rau hauv lub teeb,
Nws muaj peev xwm radiate cov yeeb yuj me ntsis ntawm brilliance, uas ua rau kom muaj kev txaus siab ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua tshuaj yej. Thaum pib ntawm Ming Dynasty, vim hais tias txoj kev ntawm "qhov taw tes ua noj" txawv ntawm Song Dynasty, dub porcelain lub tsev teeb "zoo li tsis tsim nyog", tsuas yog "kev npaj rau ib qho".
Xim plooj (porcelain) tshuaj yej teeb
Muaj ntau ntau yam ntawm cov yeeb yuj tshuaj yej teeb, ntawm cov xim xiav thiab dawb porcelain tshuaj yej teeb yog qhov muag pom tshaj plaws. Xiav thiab dawb porcelain tshuaj yej teeb, qhov tseeb, hais txog kev siv cobalt oxide ua cov xim xim, qhia ncaj qha rau cov qauv ntawm cov plooj (porcelain log), thiab tom qab ntawd txheej txheej ntawm pob tshab glaze, thiab tom qab ntawd txo thiab tua ntawm qhov kub ntawm txog 1300 ° C hauv qhov cub.
Txawm li cas los xij, kev nkag siab ntawm "xiav" hauv cov xim ntawm "xiav paj" kuj txawv nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm thiab niaj hnub. Cov ancients sau npe dub, xiav, xiav, ntsuab thiab lwm yam xim li "ntsuab", yog li lub ntsiab lus ntawm "xiav paj" yog dav dua li cov neeg niaj hnub no. Nws yog characterized los ntawm:
Cov qauv xiav thiab dawb cuam tshuam ib leeg, uas yog qhov zoo rau lub qhov muag; Cov xim yog elegant thiab ntxim nyiam, thiab muaj xim flashy
Lub zog ntawm glamour. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov glaze ntawm cov khoom siv xim zoo li moist thiab ci, uas ntxiv rau qhov ntxim nyiam ntawm xiav thiab dawb tshuaj yej teeb.
Nws tsis yog txog thaum nruab nrab thiab lig Yuan Dynasty uas xiav-thiab-dawb porcelain tshuaj yej teeb tau pib tsim nyob rau hauv batches, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog Jingdezhen, uas tau los ua qhov chaw tsim khoom tseem ceeb ntawm xiav-thiab-dawb porcelain tshuaj yej teeb hauv Suav teb. Vim muaj qib siab ntawm xiav thiab dawb porcelain tshuaj yej teeb painting technology, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog daim ntawv thov ntawm tsoos suav painting cov tswv yim rau plooj (porcelain), qhov no kuj yuav hais tau tias yog ib tug loj ua tau zoo ntawm Yuan Dynasty painting. Tom qab Yuan Dynasty, ntxiv rau kev tsim cov xiav thiab dawb tshuaj yej teeb hauv Jingdezhen, kuj tseem muaj qee cov xim xiav thiab dawb porcelain tshuaj yej teeb uas tsim nyob rau hauv Yuxi, Jianshui hauv Yunnan, Jiangshan thiab lwm qhov chaw hauv Zhejiang, tab sis txawm tias nws yog xim glaze, log tsheb zoo, ornamentation, painting txuj ci, lawv tsis tuaj yeem muab piv nrog cov xim xiav thiab cov tshuaj yej tib lub sijhawm. Ming Dynasty, Jingdezhen zus tau tej cov xiav thiab dawb porcelain tshuaj yej teeb, xws li tshuaj yej khob, tshuaj yej khob, tshuaj yej teeb, ntau thiab ntau ntau yam ntawm cov xim, ntau thiab ntau refined zoo, seb nws yog cov duab, zoo, ornamentation, thiab lwm yam nyob rau hauv lub sab saum toj ntawm lub teb chaws, ua lwm yam khoom ntawm xiav thiab dawb tshuaj yej teeb kiln imitation khoom, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau lub sij hawm ntawm Qing, Qingian thiab dawb tshuaj yej. teem nyob rau hauv keeb kwm ntawm ancient ceramics kev loj hlob, thiab nkag mus rau lub keeb kwm ncov, nws surpassed lub yav dhau los dynasty, cuam tshuam rau yav tom ntej tiam. Cov khoom siv plooj (porcelain) xiav thiab dawb raug rho tawm haujlwm thaum lub sijhawm Kangxi Dynasty hu ua "qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm Qing Dynasty" hauv keeb kwm.
