1. Cov khoom siv yas. Cov khoom siv raw no yog tsim los ntawm cov av nplaum ntxhia, cov silicate no muaj cov txheej txheem txheej, cov khoom me me, thiab muaj qee yam plasticity. Thaum ua cov ceramics, nws yuav muaj lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev sib txuas thiab plasticizing, yog li cov grouting tuaj yeem tsim tau sai, kom cov khoob khoob tuaj yeem ua tau yooj yim, thiab tib lub sijhawm muaj cov tshuaj muaj zog thiab thermal stability.
2. Cov ntaub ntawv nyoos tsis zoo. Muaj peb lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb, suav nrog cov ntsev uas muaj oxygen, aluminium oxides, silicon oxides, thiab lwm yam, thiab cov khoom siv ntxhia no tsis yog yas. Thaum ua cov ceramics, nws yuav ua si lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev txo cov viscosity, kom cov viscosity ntawm qhov khoob yog txo. Qee cov quartz yog fused nrog feldspar iav kom tsis txhob kub kub deformation.
3. Flux raw khoom. Mineral Cheebtsam xws li alkali hlau, oxygen-muaj ntsev thiab oxides ntawm alkaline ntiaj teb hlau yog lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb, thiab lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog los pab lub melting, thiab nyob rau hauv lub xeev ntawm kub melting, ib co kaolin thiab quartz yuav yaj, thiaj li mus cuag lub siab kub cementation. Cov ntaub ntawv ntau dua yog granite, dolomite thiab feldspar.
4. Cov khoom siv raw. Nws tseem yog cov khoom siv raw siv los ua cov ceramics, thiab txawm hais tias nws tsis ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb, nws tseem yog qhov tseem ceeb. Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev ua ceramics, ntxiv ib tug tsim nyog tus nqi ntawm xws li raw cov ntaub ntawv yuav txhim kho ib co kev ua tau zoo, txhim kho cov txheej txheem, thiab txhim khu tag nrho cov tsos thiab tus nqi.
